Oil Shale, 2007, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 573-581

 

THE INFLUENCE OF PHENOLS AND OTHER COMPOUNDS ON CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) OF PHENOLIC WATERS FROM THE KIVITER PROCESS

(Full text in pdf format)

 

L. KEKISHEVA, I. SMIRNOV, N. OSTROUKHOV, N. PETROVICH, V. SITNIK, H. RIISALU, Yu. SOONE

 

The contribution of chemical oxygen demand of phenols and other oxidizable compounds to chemical oxygen demand of phenol waters at co-processing of shale oils of the Kiviter process and oil fractions of the Galoter process has been investigated.

 

 

REFERENCES

1.        Soone, J., Doilov, S. Sustainable utilization of oil shale resources and comparison of contemporary technologies used for oil shale processing // Oil Shale. 2003. Vol. 20, No. 3S. P. 311-323.

2.        Estonian Governmental Regulation no. 269 from the 21st of July 2001. Effluent guidelines for wastewater discharges to reservoirs and surface waters // RT 1 2001, 69, 424 [in Estonian].

3.        Kolesnikov, V. P., Vilson, E. V. Modern development of operation processes of sewage purification at combined installations. – Rostov-on-Don: Yug Publish­ing House, 2006. 213 pp.

  1. Kahru, A., Põllumaa, L. Environmental hazard of the waste streams of Estonian oil shale industry: an ecotoxicological review // Oil Shale. 2006. Vol. 23, No. 1. P. 53–93.
  2. Mölder, L. Problems of formation and treatment of waters from oil shale pro­cessing. – Proceedings of International Seminar UNEP. Ecologically acceptable usage of low-grade fuels. Moscow, 1990, part 3, P. 28–53 [in Russian].
  3. Kamenev, I., Munter, R., Pikkov, L., Kekisheva, L. Wastewater treatment in oil shale chemical industry // Oil Shale. 2003. Vol. 20, No. 4. P. 443–458.
  4. Tiikma, L., Mölder, L., Tamvelius, H. Resources of water-soluble alkyl­resorcinols in oil fractions and retort water formed by processing oil shale in generators of high unit capacity // Oil Shale. 1991. Vol. 8, No. 4. P. 350–354.
  5. Eisen, O., Hallik, E., Klesment, I. Die Zusammensetzung der wasserlöslichen neutralen Sauerstoffverbindungen des Brennschieferöls // Proc. Acad. Sci. Estonian SSR. 1966. Vol. XV, No. 2. P. 230–238 [in Russian, summary in German].
  6. Metsik, R., Pevkur, T. A., Rohumagi, E. I. Research of group composition of sulphide compounds in products of shale thermal treatment // Extraction and processing of oil shale. 1969. Vol. 18. P. 170–176 [in Russian].
  7. Kundel, H., Aitsen, E. Characteristics of phenol waters from PO “Slantse­khim” // Oil Shale Industry. 1986. No. 5. P. 15–17 [in Russian].
  8. Oil Factrory production. Eesti Energia, AS Narva Elektrijaamad (Estonian Energy, Narva Power Plants). Factory standard EE 10579981-NJ ST9:2005. – Eesti Energia, 2005. 24 pp.
  9. Zhiryakov, Yu., Kundel, H., Romanchenko, L., Surnina, M. Determination of phenols content in oil shale process water // Oil Shale. 1989. Vol. 6, No. 2. P. 195–201 [in Russian, with English summary].
  10. ISO 5664:1984 Water quality – Determination of ammonium – Distillation and titration method (http://www.iso.org).
  11. ISO 6060:1989 Water quality – Determination of the chemical oxygen demand (http://www.iso.org).